To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, whether he has assessed the potential merits of introducing paid bereavement leave.

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, pursuant to the Answer of 9 December 2025 to Question 97021, what proportion of his Department's expenditure on Microsoft Software licenses...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, whether companies in the UK plastics manufacturing sector will be eligible for inclusion in the British Industrial Competitiveness Scheme.

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, if he will publish the methodology for the British Industrial Competitiveness Scheme.

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, whether his Department has made an assessment of the potential impact of the EU’s Clean Industrial Deal State Aid Framework on the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, what financial assistance has been given to Northern Ireland industry in each of the last 5 years under (a) the Industrial Development Act...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, whether his Department has updated its computable general equilibrium models to incorporate post-2024 trade flow data.

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, how many sub postmasters resident in Wales have had claims related to the Horizon IT system (a) settled and (b) not settled.

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, what discussions he has had with Evri and other delivery companies on leaving parcels unattended on doorsteps.

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, what recent discussions he has had with the Royal Mail on the continued viability of the Universal Service Obligation.

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, what recent assessment his Department has made of (a) adequacy of the (i) performance and (ii) outcomes of Royal Mail’s Optimised...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, if he will make an assessment of the potential merits of amending company law to move from shareholder primacy towards a...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, whether Royal Mail has provided his Department with evidence to substantiate any projected cost savings in relation to the Optimised Delivery...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, what assessment he has made of the adequacy of Ofcom’s regulation of (a) Evri and (b) other parcel delivery companies on (i) the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, what assumptions his Department uses in relation to trade elasticities when modelling the long-term effects of UK accession to plurilateral...

To ask the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, pursuant to WPQ 3948 Dated 9/9/2024, which areas in the nations and regions of the UK were events held to ensure that businesses become more...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, how many children are classified as being in deep material poverty in Camborne and Redruth constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what support will be offered to disabled young people not currently in education, employment or training.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what discussions he has had with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on the financial impact of future welfare spending on the economy.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what assessment has he made of the potential impact of the Government's changes to the Motability scheme on wheelchair users who do not use a...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what steps his Department plans to take to monitor the effectiveness of the Child Poverty Strategy.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, whether he plans to publish a fuller equalities impact assessment of the Child Poverty Strategy, including its impact on groups at highest...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what assessment he has made of the feasibility of requiring JobCentre Plus districts to report outcomes for (a) full-time work, (b) part-time...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what assessment his Department has made of the potential merits of including targets and milestones for reducing child poverty in legislation.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, whether unpaid carers will be classified as a financially vulnerable group eligible for the Crisis and Resilience Fund.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, pursuant to Answer of 5th December 2025 to Question 94817, what estimate he has made of the proportion of unemployed people included in the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what performance metrics his Department uses to evaluate the timeliness and quality of support provided to Members of Parliament when handling...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what recent steps he has taken to support young people into employment in Slough.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what recent steps his Department has taken alongside local stakeholders to increase the number of (a) employment and (b) training...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what proportion of (a) named day questions and (b) ordinary written questions were responded to by her Department within the required...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what proportion of the total value of child maintenance arrears has been outstanding for (a) under 12 months, (b) 1 to 3 years, (c) 3 to 7...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, whether the inquiry into the Child Maintenance Service will include a review of the REMO/MEBC.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, for what reason the Health and Safety Executive no longer assesses a risk of continuing harm to staff from wood dust exposure at Drax Power...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, how many individuals are waiting for their Access to Work application to be processed, and how does this compare to each month since June 2024.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, how many people aged i) 18, ii) 19, iii) 20 and iv) 21 have been claiming Universal Credit for 18 months or longer.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, how many families (i) in Fylde and (ii) across Lancashire are expected to receive the additional £736.06 per child in childcare support...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what estimate his Department has made of the number of Universal Credit claimants awaiting mandatory reconsideration decisions as of the most...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, when he plans to publish an Equality Impact Assessment for changes to the Motability scheme.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, how many benefit claims in the last five years have involved individuals presenting as part of a polygamous household; and what the outcomes...

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what guidance on sickle cell disease his Department provides to Health Professionals making Personal Independence Payment assessments.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, if she will take steps to improve access to Disability Living Allowance for children with achondroplasia.

To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, what assessment his Department has made of the potential merits of expanding the eligibility criteria for the Social Fund Funeral Expenses...

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, whether he has made an assessment of the potential merits of moving (a) further powers and (b) responsibilities for...

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, which level of local authority will be responsible for collecting the proposed tourist tax; and what estimate his...

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, what the (a) name, (b) job title, (c) annual remuneration, (d) time commitment and (e) expected end date is for each...

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, if his Department will provide local authorities with flexibility in applying the provisions of the Public Contracts...

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, when he plans to respond to the Energy Performance of Buildings regime consultation.

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, if he will publish the total Revenue Support Grant provided to Telford and Wrekin Council for each year that data is...

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, pursuant to the Answer of 10 December 2025 to Question 97277 on Business Rates: Tax Allowances, if he will modify the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government, what recent assessment he has made of the adequacy of the support available to people sleeping rough in (a) Surrey and...

To ask the Secretary of State for Education, what steps she plans to take to support schools and colleges in Newbury in the transition to V Levels.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education, what assessment has been made of the adequacy of multiagency responses to bullying in schools, online and through messaging platforms which disrupt...

To ask the Secretary of State for Education, how many children (i) in Fylde and (ii) across Lancashire are expected to benefit from the increased Early Years Pupil Premium.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education, whether she plans to publish data on school swimming attainment.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education, if she will publish her internal Departmental assessments of the potential impact of smartphones on children in schools.

To ask the Secretary of State for Education, what estimate her Department has made of the number of people who will no longer have transitional protection funding for free school meals by...

To ask the Secretary of State for Education, with reference to the press notice of 15 December 2025 entitled Ofqual fines Pearson £2 million for rule breaches affecting thousands of...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, with reference to Restoring Control Over the Immigration System: White Paper, whether her Department plans to apply the 5 and 10 year...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what data her Department holds data on the number and proportion of people convicted of terror offences who previously had free school meal...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, to provide a month-by-month breakdown of the number of people who are victims of (a) online and (b) offline fraud, for each year from 2020...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what assessment she has made of the potential impact of mainstream political engagement on reducing vulnerability to extremism; and if she...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what oversight mechanisms exist to monitor institutions where extremist ideology may be promoted.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, whether she plans to amend the reformed routes to private life for young adults and children introduced under Appendix Private Life to the...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what estimate her Department has made of the potential number of refugees who will enter the UK on a work and study visa in the next 5 years.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, how many referrals to counter-extremism programmes have been made in each of the last five years, broken down by ideology.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, whether the she plans to apply the proposed salary threshold and RQF Level 6 requirements for Skilled Worker visas retrospectively to people...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what criteria are used to designate a country as high-risk for terrorism and extremist activity for the purposes of visa policy.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what role the Prevent strategy currently plays in identifying and disrupting Islamist radicalisation; and whether changes are planned to...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, how many premises have been investigated, restricted, or closed in the last five years due to concerns relating to extremist ideology.

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what steps her Department is taking to help ensure proper support for venues transitioning to the requirements of the Terrorism (Protection...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what assessment she has made of the adequacy of protective security funding allocated to places of worship, schools and community centres in...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, whether she has had discussions with (a) UK Border Force, and (b) her counterparts in the French Government on reducing the waiting times...

To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, pursuant to the Answer of 30 April to Question 46921, what recent assessment her Department has made of the effectiveness of changes to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, following the decommissioning of HMS Lancaster, how many frigates are (a) in service and (b) undergoing maintenance with the Royal Navy.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, following the selection of the Leonardo AW149 as the British Army New Medium Helicopter, a) how many platforms will be purchased, in b) how many...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, whether the Defence Investment Plan will be published by the end of 2025.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, with reference to the letter written to the Defence Committee entitled Ministry of Defence paper providing information on Defence Reform, published on...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what steps he is taking through defence spending to help increase economic growth in (a) Surrey and (b) Surrey Heath constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, whether the previous National Armaments Director was paid any performance or other bonuses within the last five years.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what is the salary band for his Department's new National Armaments Director.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how many veterans are currently in temporary accommodation or rough sleeping; and what progress has been made against government targets to reduce this.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how many soldiers were hospitalised or received hearing-related injuries in relation to the Ajax programme since 23 July 2025.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what steps his Department is taking to increase defence manufacturing capabilities.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, with reference to his Department's press release entitled New robots lead the way in bomb disposal innovation, published on 5 February 2025, how many...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, with reference to the Defence Industrial Strategy: Making Defence an Engine for Growth (CP 1388), page 85, what progress he has made in establishing a...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, when the SG-1 Fathom will be brought into service.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, with reference to his Department's press release entitled UK unveils new undersea warfare technology to counter threat from Russia, published on 8...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, whether he has had recent discussions with his German, Italian and Japanese counterparts on Germany potentially joining the Global Combat Air Programme.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, with reference to his Department's press release entitled 100 new jobs created as drone factory opens in Swindon, published on 20 November 2025, if he...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how many missions flown by VIP-configured RAF aircraft since 2019 have been classified as operational, diplomatic, or domestic travel.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what funding he has allocated to a long term Royal Navy presence at the UK Naval Support Facility in Bahrain.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what steps he is taking to help increase innovation in the defence sector in (a) Surrey and (b) Surrey Heath constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what steps he is taking to ensure that veterans receive adequate support after leaving the armed forces in (a) Surrey and (b) Surrey Heath constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what steps he is taking to improve support for female veterans in Surrey Heath constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, whether any of HMS Lancaster's crew will remain in Bahrain for the period of her decommissioning.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, which Royal Navy vessels Peregrine is currently deployed on.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, pursuant to the Answer of 2 December 2025 to Question 93101, what recent assessment his Department has made of its ability to mitigate and respond to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, if he will publish the full scope of the Royal Navy’s Atlantic Shield concept.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what progress has he made in delivering the cobalt autonomy stack for the Royal Navy.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, pursuant to the Answer of 8 December 2025 to Question 95423 on Cruise Missiles, what is the in-service date for the SPEAR cruise missile.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, with reference to the speech given by the First Sea Lord entitled First Sea Lord's speech to the International Sea Power Conference, published on 8...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what recent steps he has taken to protect British waters from Russian submarines.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, whether he has agreed the roles performed by British troops in the Multinational Force Ukraine.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, whether he has (a) discussed and (b) decided the numbers of British troops that could be sent to Ukraine as part of the Multinational Force Ukraine.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how many alternative sites are currently being assessed by his Department to accommodate the Crowborough cadets, following their proposed displacement...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what discussions his Department has had with (a) General Dynamics, (b) the Senior Responsible Officer and (c) the British Army on the Ajax programme...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how many vehicles have been purchased under the Boxer programme by variant.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how many settlements for (a) bullying, (b) harassment, (c) discrimination, (d) physical and sexual abuse and (e) assault did his Department make in...

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, who the most senior legal official is in his Department.

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what is the total cost of implementing the Warfighting Ready Plan 2029.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment she has made of the potential merits of introducing legislation to ban the sale and supply of peat for...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment she has made of the adequacy of the availability of fluorinated gases during the planned transition to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, pursuant to the Answer of 28 November 2024 to Question 13210, what update she can provide on the progress of the Environment...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps her Department is taking to support the horticultural industry's transition to peat-free growing media.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what guidance her Department has issued to businesses on how they can contribute to local habitat restoration projects.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps she is taking to help support farmers and landowners in West Berkshire to participate in the Berkshire Local...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether there will be simplified a) permit systems or b) funding mechanisms provided to streamline i) community groups, ii)...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what support the Government plans to provide for a) community-led or b) small-scale habitat creation initiatives in areas...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what recent assessment she has made of the adequacy of the Environment Agency's budget.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment she has made of the potential implications for her policies of long-term lags between developers-funding and...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what recent assessment she has made of the cost to the public purse of waste crime.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what fiscal steps she plans to take to cut levels of waste crime in a) Newcastle-under-Lyme, b) Staffordshire and c) England.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether the Government plans to require planning authorities to publish annual reports on how off-site Biodiversity Net Gain...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps the Government is taking to help ensure that (a) statutory Biodiversity Net Gain initiatives are implemented...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what guidance the Government provides on ensuring transparent and long-term maintenance of restored habitats.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what mechanism is in place to funnel Biodiversity Net Gain funding from developers into county-wide nature recovery...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether the Government provides a) grants or b) matches-funding to encourage private businesses, landowners, and farmers in...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what funding the Government has allocated to a) implement the Local Nature Recovery Strategy in Berkshire for financial year...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what discussions her Department has had with packaging manufacturers and distributors on the financial sustainability of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps she is taking to ensure that the Environment Agency is held accountable for levels of water pollution in Surrey...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what information he has reviewed from the International Pernambuco Conservation Initiative and other scientific or industry...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether her Department has considered alternative water supply schemes to the proposed SESRO reservoir in the Thames Valley.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of the proposed SESRO reservoir on the environment of the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps she plans to take to deliver the commitment in the 2025 Environmental Improvement Plan to legislate to end the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether her Department has made an assessment of the potential merits of bringing in vicarious liability for landowners to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps her Department is taking to assess the potential impact of (a) microplastics and (b) PFAS contaminants in...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether she can name a date by which her department will have made a decision on Stoke-on-Trent City Council's proposals to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps she plans to take to prevent UK companies from sell and profit from hunts, in addition to banning trophy hunters.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what guidance her Department provides to local authorities on maintaining continuity of household recycling services in the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether she has had recent discussions with Birmingham City Council on (a) pollution and (b) decreasing biodiversity in...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of biodiversity net gain on the UK's progress in meeting its...

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, if she will introduce a Good Food Bill by the end of this Parliament.

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what steps she is taking with the Crown Prosecution Service to prosecute environmental crimes.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, pursuant to the Answer of 26 November 2025 to Question 92061 on Great British Railways, whether her Department has now produced (a) costed rollout...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what proportion of the identified in the Government’s October 2023 cost-benefit analysis of the Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate represents costs...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, whether she has asked National Highways to update its business case for the A120 dualling scheme.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what steps she is taking to ensure her Department's consultations comply fully with the Gunning Principles in the future.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what recent progress her Department has made on the construction of the M6 M54 toll link road.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, if she will take steps to expand rail electrification to Devon.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, with reference to the policy papers entitled Spending Review 2025, published on 30 June 2025, and Budget 2025, published on 28 November 2025, what...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what the average wait time is for a driving test at the a) Stranraer, b) Newton Stewart and c) Castle Douglas driving test centres.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, whether she will publish a monitoring and evaluation framework on disability equality training in order to establish a baseline level of training to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what assessment she has made of the potential merits of amending The Public Service Vehicles (Accessible Information) Regulations 2023 to apply to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what assessment she has made of the potential impact of funding for buses in the Autumn Budget 2025 on bus routes serving Aldridge-Brownhills...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what assessment he has made of the adequacy of the regulatory framework governing the operation of foreign-flagged passenger vessels within UK...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what steps she is taking to improve platform advance notice, customer experience and waiting hall overcrowding at London Euston station.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what assessment he has made of the adequacy of rail freight capacity through the West Midlands corridor.

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, in respect of train operating companies for which the Department is the operator, how many services were (a) cancelled and (b) delayed by (i) 30...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, with reference to the letter of 26 November 2025 from We Own It to the Transport Committee, what assessment he has made of the potential implications...

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what estimate she has made of the potential impact of increasing the bus travel fare cap from £2 in July 2024 to £3 on the accessibility of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, with reference to the UK's Africa Approach launch on 15 December 2025, what measurable objectives the Government...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, how many arms export licences in respect to Israel have been reviewed over the past 12 months, and of those...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, with reference to the UK's Africa Approach launch on 15 December 2025, what discussions her department has had...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what assessment the Department has made of the potential impact of the Covid-era loan repayment obligations on the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what options her Department is exploring to support the British Council’s financial resilience, including...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, when her Department plans to respond to the report of 15 October 2025 by the Independent Commission for Aid...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what engagement her Department has had with counterparts in Sri Lanka regarding Storm Ditwah.

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, if he will publish a copy of the model contract for Ambassadors and Heads of Mission.

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, whether the Prime Minister’s Office was consulted on the terms of the exit agreement for Lord Mandelson.

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what steps he is taking to organise the next session of the Association Council for the UK-Morocco Association...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what proportion of the overseas development assistance budget was allocated to rapid disaster response in...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what assessment she has made of the implications for her policies of recent attacks on Afro-Brazilian religious...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, how much UK humanitarian assistance was provided to Sri Lanka following Cyclone Ditwah in November 2025.

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what representations she has made to her Israeli counterpart on the case of Palestinian doctor Dr Hussam Abu Safiya.

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what steps her Department is taking to urge fair and transparent legal processes for political prisoners in Pakistan.

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what assessment she has made of the potential implications for her policies of reports of the persecution of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what assessment she has made of the potential implications for his policies of trends in the level of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what support was agreed with his Bahraini counterpart for the future Royal Navy presence at the UK Naval Support...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what steps her Department is taking to a) support civil society and democratic institutions in Iraq, and b)...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what humanitarian support her Department is helping to provide for displaced families in Gaza affected by severe...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, when she last raised the case of Karim Ennarah with her Egyptian counterpart.

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, pursuant to the Answer of 5 November 2025 to Question 85749 on Syria: Politics and Government, what quantity of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what discussions she has had with international counterparts on the effectiveness of the implementation of the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what discussions she has had with her Indian and Pakistani counterparts on human rights violations in Kashmir and...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs what discussions she has had with the Government of Viet Nam following the extradition of Y Quynh Bdap from...

To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what proportion of (a) named day questions and (b) ordinary written questions were responded to by her Department...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, whether her Department plans to continue the Museum Renewal Fund past March 2026; and whether that fund remains open for new applications.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what assessment she has made of the potential impact of the Autumn Budget 2025 on the number of gamblers accessing the black market.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, how many disciplinary cases were concluded against civil servants in (a) her Department and (b) its agencies by (i) outcome and (ii)...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what steps her Department is taking to improve access to heritage sites for young people.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, how many and what proportion of staff were promoted (a) in-grade and (b) to a higher grade in the last year by (i) performance marking...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what the average number of working days lost to sickness absence per full-time equivalent member of staff was in (a) her Department and...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what steps she is taking to support racecourse bookmakers.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what steps her Department is taking to ensure the survival of local museums in a) England and b) Worcestershire.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what steps her Department is taking to ensure that inclusive, safe and accessible youth spaces are available in every area following...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, for the total spend on (i) LinkedIn membership fees (ii) other subscriptions by her Department in the last financial year.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what the (a) name, (b) job title, (c) annual remuneration, (d) time commitment and (e) expected end date is for each direct ministerial...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what steps are being taken to support heritage assets in South Shropshire constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, when she expects to announce whether the Listed Places of Worship Grant Scheme will be renewed beyond 31 March 2026.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, whether she has conducted an impact assessment on UK musicians regarding the additional CITES permit requirements that an Appendix I...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, whether she has had discussions with (a) FIFA and (b) the FA on the price of tickets for England fans at the World Cup 2026.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what criteria her Department used to select the locations of the Young Future Hubs; and for what reason no local authorities in south...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, how she will ensure helping young people to develop relationships with trusted adults aligns with safeguarding expectations

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, whether she is taking steps to help improve the financial sustainability of football clubs in (a) Surrey and (b) Surrey Heath constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what steps she is taking to increase volunteering opportunities in (a) South Holland and the Deepings constituency and (b) Lincolnshire.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, whether the training referred to in the National Youth Strategy will be made available for parents of young people.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what recent assessment she has made of the adequacy of her Department's funding for grassroots football clubs in (a) England, (b) areas...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what support her Department provides to snooker (a) tournaments and (b) clubs and venues.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what plans her Department has to increase access to grassroots multi-sport facilities in Surrey Heath constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, whether the government has accessed the potential merits of expanding uniformed groups such as scouts, cubs and brownies on levels of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what discussions her Department has had with the hospitality industry in Surrey Heath constituency on staffing levels in the hotel sector.

To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, what assessment she has made of tourism’s contribution to Buckinghamshire's rural economy.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, when she plans to publish her Department's response to the consultation entitled Draft regulations to commence Sections 61 to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, with reference to report entitled A New Electronic Communications Code, published in May 2016, what assessment he has made of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what recent discussions she has had with Ofcom on the disproportionate impact Physical Infrastructure Access costs have on...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what comparative estimate she has made of the average download broadband speed in (a) Bolsover constituency, (b) other...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what estimate she has made of the (a) quality and (b) area coverage area for (i) 5G and (ii) other wireless data reception in...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what steps she is taking to increase the number of women entering IT specialist fields.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, whether she has a strategy to accelerate the development and adoption of metamaterials.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what steps she is taking to improve the availability of high-quality STEM skills and support innovation in the South West,...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what discussions she has had with the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care on reducing clinical trial set-up times.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, pursuant to the answer of 1 December 2025 to Question 92670, whether a scientifically satisfactory method or testing strategy...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what steps are being taken to increase mobile connectivity in South Shropshire constituency.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what the (a) name, (b) job title, (c) annual remuneration, (d) time commitment and (e) expected end date is for each direct...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, with reference to the Answer of 17 October 2025 to Question 77809, whether her Department's report into the impact of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, how many firms have been fined for not complying with age verification rules in the Online Safety Act 2023.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what steps the Government is taking to ensure that taxpayer-funded support, including grants and tax reliefs, for AI and data...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, with reference to DSIT Main Estimate memorandum 2025 to 2026, if she will provide a breakdown of past and planned capital...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, with reference to the DSIT Main Estimate memoranda for the years 2024 to 2025 and 2025 to 2026, for what reason there has...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what discussions she has had with AI companies on the potential risks of the provision of advice by AI programmes that would...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what discussions she has had with OECD) about updating the OECD counterparts on recognised methods for assessing toxicity in...

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what steps her Department is taking to ensure the effective use of Ofcom’s powers under the Online Safety Act 2023.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what steps her Department is taking to regulate artificial intelligence.

To ask the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, what steps she is taking to help ensure freedom of expression for women's health publications on social media.

To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, what assessment his Department has made of the potential merits of negotiating a UK-EU Customs Union deal for improving trade between (a)...

To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, what steps he is taking to ensure that the Connect Fund reaches communities that have previously had lower application rates for grant funding...

To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, what proportion of (a) named day questions and (b) ordinary written questions were responded to by her Department within the required timescale...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what discussions she has had with hospitality businesses on the potential impact of the current rate of VAT on the viability of those businesses.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, pursuant to the Answer of 10 December to Question 97661 on Business Rates: Tax Allowances, how many and what proportion of the ratepayers who will see no...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment she has made of the potential impact for the Exchequer of VAT non-compliance by overseas sellers posing as UK businesses on online marketplaces.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what steps her Department is taking to use technological innovation to simplify the process of filing tax returns.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, how the assessment for electric Vehicle Excise Duty will differentiate between (a) petrol, (b) diesel and (c) electricity usage for plug-in hybrids.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, how the assessment for electric Vehicle Excise Duty will differentiate between (a) domestic and (b) overseas mileage for (i) electric vehicles and (ii)...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of changes to the cash ISA limit on savers nearing retirement.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment she has made of the ability of motor finance lenders to adhere to the forthcoming redress scheme.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, pursuant to the Answer of 4 December 2025 to Question 94796 on Cars: Taxation, whether a weight-based system of vehicle taxation for cars is under...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment she has made of the implications for her Department’s policies of levels of tobacco excise taxes in Australia; and what assessment...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what estimate she has made of the proportion of future sovereign financing expected to be raised under the Green Financing Framework.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what estimate she has made of the average effect on take-home pay for an individual if they move from direct waged employment to contracting with a temp or...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment she has made of the potential impact of a) changes to Vehicle Exercise Duty and b) introduction of a Electric Vehicle Excise Duty on users...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what estimate she has made of the (a) number of Child Trust Fund accounts that remain unclaimed and (b) value of funds held in those unclaimed Child Trust...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment she has made of the potential merits of delaying business rates revaluations for hospitality businesses.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what recent analysis she has undertaken of the competitiveness of UK border processes compared with those of key trading partners.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what discussions she has had with regulators on reviewing rules on credit unions offering insurance products such as income protection.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, whether her Department has made an assessment of the potential impact of expanding digital customs clearance systems on levels of administration undertaken...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what the cost was of (a) settlement agreements and (b) special severance payments made to departing staff in the last year.

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, when her Department plans to bring forward secondary legislation required under the Building Societies Act 1986 (Amendment) Act 2024 to enact provisions...

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what the average number of working days lost to sickness absence per full-time equivalent member of staff was in (a) her Department and (b) its executive...

To ask the Secretary of State for Justice, what steps his Department is taking to tackle family court backlogs in London.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what is the current number of specialist Parkinson’s disease nurses employed within the NHS.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what estimate he has made of the impact of (a) changes in patient need, (b) drug prices, (c) inflation and (d) changes in the level of...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps his Department is taking to ensure patients moving between different regions of the UK are not disadvantaged in NHS waiting lists.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what information his Department holds on the lifespan of the RAAC within Hinchingbrooke Hospital.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, how many community diagnostic centres have spirometry equipment.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what proportion of spending on Microsoft software licenses and services between (a) 4 December 2024 and 5 December 2025 and (b) 4...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, if he will take steps to ensure that NHS trusts do not manage referral pipelines, triage processes, or administrative allocation methods...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what plans his Department has made to ensure sufficient NHS staffing and resources during the 2025–26 flu season.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what assessment he has made of the potential merits of renegotiating current private finance debt to reduce future payouts.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what assessment he has made of trends in the level of cancelled appointments as a result of strike action in the NHS since July 2024.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what discussions has he had with Northern Care Alliance on capital funding for additional parking at the Royal Oldham Hospital.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, with reference to the 2024 National NHS Staff Survey Results, if he will publish data on staff wellbeing indicators for (a) clinical...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps his Department is taking to ensure the NHS is appropriately prepared for winter flu-related admissions in 2025 and early 2026.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what plans are in place to build medium and long term NHS directly provided capacity to increase appointments in (a) diagnostic tests and...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, when he plans to respond to the Question 84256 from the hon. Member for Sleaford and North Hykeham.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, whether he requires Integrated Care Boards to hold data on the number of patients provided with hospital transport, broken down by (a)...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps his Department is taking to ensure equitable interim access to omaveloxolone for patients with Friedreich’s Ataxia.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps her Department is taking to increase specialist capacity for complex and rare connective tissue disorders.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, pursuant to the answer of 3 December 2025 to Question 94583 on Public Bodies: Fines, how much revenue has been generated for (a) the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps he is taking to help reduce waiting times for ADHD medication.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what discussions he has had with the MHRA on the potential impact of regulatory reform on the time taken to develop glioblastoma treatments.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, pursuant to the Answer 1 December 2025 to Question HL12274 on Visual Snow Syndrome: Yellow Card Scheme, if he will confirm whether...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, when he expects the drug Vorsidenib (Voranigo) to be made available to treat adults and children aged 12 years and over with grade 2...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, how many and what proportion of NHS hospitals have 24 hours pharmacy dispensing for patients being discharged.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, pursuant to the answer of 4 July 2025 to question 63299, when he plans to publish the report on packaging changes to Selective serotonin...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, whether the Department has assessed the potential benefits of enabling GPs to issue automatic repeat prescriptions for patients on...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what recent assessment she has made of the adequacy of waiting times for and availability of trauma-informed therapeutic support for...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what assessment he has made of the potential impact on children and families of local pauses to neurodevelopmental assessments under the...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, how often meetings are held to discuss NHS England’s Urgent and Emergency Care Daily Situation Reports.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, which Minister is attending meetings to discuss NHS England’s Urgent and Emergency Care Daily Situation Reports.

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps his Department is taking to ensure equitable regional access to malnutrition screening and support for disease-related...

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what steps his Department is taking to ensure people at risk of disease-related malnutrition are supported through the (a) implementation...

To ask the Solicitor General, what proportion of (a) named day questions and (b) ordinary written questions were responded to by her Department within the required timescale in (i) May 2025, (ii)...

To ask the Secretary of State for Scotland, what is the specific purpose is of the Government's £14.5 million funding for Granngemouth; whether this funding is expected to be allocated to...

To ask the Secretary of State for Scotland, what proportion of (a) named day questions and (b) ordinary written questions were responded to by her Department within the required timescale in (i)...

To ask the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, with reference to the funding increase by Great British Energy for renewable schemes in Wales announced on 10 December 2025, which...

To ask the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, what assessment he has made of the potential impact of changing the inflation indexation calculation for the Renewable...

To ask the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, when the full Warm Homes Plan will be released.

To ask the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, when her Department plans to publish the results of the Feed-in Tariffs (FiT) scheme: indexation changes consultation.

To ask the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, pursuant to his Statement on the Electricity Market Review on July 10 2025, Official Report, column 1160, if he will publish his...

To ask the Minister for the Cabinet Office, what the estimated cost is of the Census 2031 in cash terms.

To ask the Minister for the Cabinet Office, how many people aged 66 and over are estimated in 2025 to be in (a) full time employment, and (b) part time employment.

To ask the Minister for the Cabinet Office, pursuant to Answer of 5th December 2025 to Question 94817, what assessment he has made of the potential impact of (a) duplicate listings and (b)...

To ask the Minister for the Cabinet Office, what estimate his Department has made of suicide rates among men in (a) Surrey and (b) Surrey Heath constituency over the last five years.

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the attacks on the Inter-Church Commission for Justice and Peace in Columbia in November, and whether they have discussed those...

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the environment for civil society organisations in Ethiopia, following  recent reports of proposed legislative restrictions,...

To ask His Majesty's Government what action they plan to take following reports that the government of Georgia used prohibited chemical substances to disperse protests in November and December 2024.

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Twycross on 21 May (HL7312), when the Betting and Gaming Council will publish its report on advertising.

To ask His Majesty's Government what estimate they have made of the amount the gambling industry spends on advertisements each year.

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to monitor and regulate the use of personalised algorithms and targeted advertising by online gambling platforms.

To ask His Majesty's Government what action they are taking to protect children from gambling advertisements online.

To ask His Majesty's Government whether they plan to introduce mandatory transparency requirements on gambling advertising spend and targeting strategies by licensed operators.

To ask His Majesty's Government how many freedom of information requests the Government Art Collection has received asking for details of the works currently displayed in departments since 4 July...

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the prevalence of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in England.

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the current cost pressures in clinical negligence claims valued up to £25,000, and what plans they have for further...

To ask His Majesty's Government what safeguards and governance arrangements are in place for NHS patient data when accessed or processed by artificial intelligence systems.

To ask His Majesty's Government what safety and clinical risk assessments NHS England and the Department of Health and Social Care have made of the (1) Epic, and (2) Oracle Cerner, electronic...

To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have to expand the hours and remit of the National Clinical Director for Dementia.

To ask His Majesty's Government why they removed the dementia diagnosis rate target from the NHS operational planning guidance for 2025-26.

To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have to introduce additional new targets for prevention and treatment of dementia.

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to improve access to community equipment for disabled people throughout the UK.

To ask His Majesty's Government what consultation has taken place with Cancer Alliances about the future of the Genomic Medicine Service.

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to ensure that polygenic screening carried out overseas is not used in embryo selection in British in vitro fertilisation clinics.

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the potential of early support hubs to improve young people’s access to mental health support; and what steps they are...

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Merron on 27 November (HL11874), whether the forthcoming 10 Year Workforce Plan will set out specific forecasts for...

To ask His Majesty's Government what plans they have to update reimbursement and tariff arrangements for ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring, including introducing distinct tariffs...

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Merron on 4 December (HL12450), what specific dataset was used to support the analysis that "highly digitised...

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Merron on 18 November (HL11736), whether they plan to provide no budget to enact recommendations from the Clinical...

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Merron on 1 December (HL12276), how many Yellow Card reports of tinnitus (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory...

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they have taken, following their response to the health and social care statistical outputs consultation, to rationalise disability statistics on health...

To ask His Majesty's Government how many imprisoned Palestine Action protestors have received hospital treatment while in prison.

To ask His Majesty's Government what discussions they have had with the relevant councils following the cyber attacks on Westminster Council, Hammersmith and Fulham Council and the Royal Borough...

To ask His Majesty's Government whether they plan to change the threshold for on-site affordable housing from 10 to 50 units.

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to ensure that data protection regulation supports innovation and competitiveness in the UK's digital publishing and advertising markets.

To ask His Majesty's Government (1) how the UK-Ukraine Digital Trade Agreement is being utilised to support the adoption of precision-farming, digital agriculture and the deployment of...

To ask His Majesty's Government why the draft Audit Reform and Corporate Governance Bill has not yet been published; and when they plan to publish it.

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to uphold environmental, social and governance standards and prevent human rights and environmental abuses within the critical minerals...

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they have taken to ensure that all departments, including the Cabinet Office, comply with guidelines about the frequency of departmental board meetings...

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Answer by the Minister for the Cabinet Office on 25 November (HC91373), whether guidance has been given informally to special advisers through...

To ask His Majesty's Government, with regard to the Public Appointments Data Report 2024/25, published on 2 December, whether they plan to set targets for the number of public appointments based...

To ask His Majesty's Government why the Director General of the Propriety and Constitution Group has been removed from the 'our management' section of the Cabinet Office website homepage; and...

To ask His Majesty's Government whether anyone in the Prime Minister's Office advised against proceeding in the China spy case for diplomatic reasons, and if so, what that advice was.

To ask His Majesty's Government on what dates calls have been held between the government and corporate lobbyists since 4 July 2024; which lobbying firms joined those calls; and which ministers...

To ask His Majesty's Government what is the legal basis for the Prime Minister's occupation of his residence in Downing Street.

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Baroness Anderson of Stoke-on-Trent on 21 July (HL9153), and to the Written Answer by the Minister without Portfolio (Cabinet...

To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answer by Lord Timpson on 10 December (HL12375), what assessment they have made of the planned level of tuition for young offenders by...

To ask His Majesty's Government how many Palestine Action protestors are (1) in prison, (2) in prison awaiting trial, (3) serving prison sentences, (4) on hunger strike and awaiting trial, and...

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the impact of regulatory divergence caused by the application of the European Union acts in the Annexes to the Windsor Framework...

To ask His Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to introduce new earned income disregards for Housing Benefit claimants in supported housing.