Voting summaries

MPs have many roles, but one of the most important is that they make decisions. These decisions shape the laws that govern us, and can affect every aspect of how we live our lives. One of the ways MPs make decisions is by voting.

On TheyWorkForYou, we create voting summaries that group a set of decisions together, show how an MP has generally voted on a set of related votes, and if they differ from their party.

You can see these groups, randomly ordered, below.

You can read more about how this works, the kinds of votes we include, how we compare MPs to parties, and why we think this is important.

These summaries are created by the team at TheyWorkForYou. We are independent of Parliament and receive no public funding for this work.

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Caroline Lucas’s voting in Parliament

Caroline Lucas was previously a Green MP, and on the vast majority of issues would have followed instructions from their party and voted the same way as Green MPs.

Caroline Lucas has never rebelled against their party in their last parliament. Find out more.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Taxation and Employment #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Generally voted for higher taxes on banks Show votes 11 votes for, 4 votes against, 2 absences, between 2011–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against increasing the rate of VAT Show votes 0 votes for, 8 votes against, between 2010–2013. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Generally voted against higher taxes on plane tickets Show votes 2 votes for, 5 votes against, 2 absences, between 2012–2014. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against more restrictive regulation of trade union activity Show votes 0 votes for, 18 votes against, between 2015–2023. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Voted a mixture of for and against encouraging occupational pensions Show votes 1 vote for, 1 vote against, between 2010–2011. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted for an annual tax on the value of expensive homes (popularly known as a mansion tax) Show votes 2 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2013. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Almost always voted against lower taxes on fuel for motor vehicles Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, 2 absences, between 2011–2013. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted against higher taxes on alcoholic drinks Show votes 1 vote for, 5 votes against, 4 absences, between 2011–2017. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against higher taxes specifically to fund health and social care Show votes 0 votes for, 4 votes against, in 2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Almost always voted against reducing capital gains tax Show votes 1 vote for, 7 votes against, between 2010–2024. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted for increasing the tax rate applied to income over £150,000 Show votes 2 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2012. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against allowing employees to exchange some employment rights for shares in the company they work for Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, between 2012–2013. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Almost always voted against raising the threshold at which people start to pay income tax Show votes 3 votes for, 27 votes against, 3 absences, between 2011–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.

Last updated: 12 March 2024. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Housing #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Consistently voted for landlords paying for the costs of building safety works Show votes 9 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted for stronger fire safety measures Show votes 3 votes for, 0 votes against, 1 absence, between 2020–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted for more proscriptive planning laws Show votes 4 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2020–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against phasing out secure tenancies for life Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, between 2015–2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against charging a market rent to high earners renting a council home Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, between 2015–2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.

Last updated: 20 April 2022. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Constitutional Reform #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Consistently voted for fixed periods between parliamentary elections Show votes 5 votes for, 0 votes against, 1 absence, between 2010–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted for more powers for the devolved administration in Northern Ireland Show votes 7 votes for, 2 votes against, 1 absence, between 2017–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against reducing central government funding of local government Show votes 0 votes for, 6 votes against, 1 absence, between 2011–2019. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Generally voted for transferring more powers to the Scottish Parliament Show votes 27 votes for, 3 votes against, 14 absences, between 2011–2024. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against local councils keeping money raised from taxes on business premises in their areas Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, between 2012–2019. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted for removing hereditary peers from the House of Lords Show votes 1 vote for, 0 votes against, in 2012. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Has never voted on a veto for MPs from England, Wales and Northern Ireland over laws specifically impacting their part of the UK Details 0 votes for, 0 votes against, 1 absence, in 2015.
• Consistently voted for approving reports and recommendations made by the Standards Committee Show votes 3 votes for, 0 votes against, 2 agreements for, between 2021–2023.
• Almost always voted for transferring more powers to the Senedd/Welsh Parliament Show votes 17 votes for, 2 votes against, 4 absences, between 2011–2021. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted against photographic voter identification at polling stations Show votes 0 votes for, 4 votes against, between 2021–2022. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted for a lower voting age Show votes 6 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2015–2022. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Generally voted against an equal number of electors per parliamentary constituency Show votes 2 votes for, 8 votes against, 2 absences, between 2010–2020. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted against fewer MPs in the House of Commons Show votes 0 votes for, 3 votes against, 1 absence, between 2013–2020. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for. Absences for this policy may be affected COVID-19 restrictions.
• Consistently voted for a wholly elected House of Lords Show votes 1 vote for, 0 votes against, in 2012. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Generally voted for more powers for local councils Show votes 15 votes for, 6 votes against, 5 absences, between 2011–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted for a more proportional system for electing MPs Show votes 3 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2010–2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against greater restrictions on campaigning by third parties, such as charities, during elections Show votes 0 votes for, 11 votes against, between 2013–2014. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.

Last updated: 16 January 2024. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Welfare, Benefits and Pensions #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Consistently voted against making local councils responsible for helping those in financial need afford their council tax and reducing the amount spent on such support Show votes 0 votes for, 4 votes against, in 2012. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against increasing the state pension age Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, between 2011–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Almost always voted against a reduction in spending on welfare benefits Show votes 0 votes for, 26 votes against, 7 absences, between 2011–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted for paying higher benefits over longer periods for those unable to work due to illness or disability Show votes 13 votes for, 0 votes against, 1 absence, between 2011–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted for increasing the state pension age for women more slowly Show votes 3 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2011. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against reducing housing benefit for social tenants deemed to have excess bedrooms (which Labour describe as the "bedroom tax") Show votes 0 votes for, 6 votes against, between 2011–2014. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Almost always voted for raising welfare benefits at least in line with prices Show votes 5 votes for, 0 votes against, 2 absences, between 2013–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.

Last updated: 18 May 2022. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Environmental Issues #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Consistently voted for improving biodiversity Show votes 7 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Almost always voted for measures to prevent climate change Show votes 22 votes for, 3 votes against, 1 agreement for, 4 absences, between 2012–2024. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Generally voted for improving environmental water quality Show votes 4 votes for, 1 vote against, between 2012–2021. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted for improving air quality Show votes 5 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2021. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted for greater regulation of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to extract shale gas Show votes 3 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2015–2022. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Generally voted for the preservation of environmental protections after withdrawal from the EU Show votes 6 votes for, 2 votes against, between 2017–2023. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Almost always voted against lower taxes on fuel for motor vehicles Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, 2 absences, between 2011–2013. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Generally voted against higher taxes on plane tickets Show votes 2 votes for, 5 votes against, 2 absences, between 2012–2014. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted against new high speed rail infrastructure Show votes 1 vote for, 5 votes against, 3 absences, between 2013–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted for financial incentives for low carbon emission electricity generation methods Show votes 2 votes for, 1 vote against, 1 absence, between 2012–2018. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.

Last updated: 20 February 2024. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Foreign Policy and Defence #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Generally voted for strengthening the Military Covenant Show votes 10 votes for, 3 votes against, 2 absences, between 2011–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Almost always voted for a right to remain for EU nationals already in living in the UK Show votes 15 votes for, 1 vote against, between 2017–2019. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against use of UK military forces in combat operations overseas Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, between 2010–2015. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Generally voted for more EU integration Show votes 45 votes for, 13 votes against, 10 absences, between 2011–2020. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Generally voted for a referendum on the UK's membership of the EU Show votes 3 votes for, 0 votes against, 4 absences, between 2011–2015. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against replacing Trident with a new nuclear weapons system Show votes 0 votes for, 1 vote against, in 2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted for UK membership of the EU Show votes 12 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2017–2019. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against military action against ISIL (Daesh) Show votes 0 votes for, 3 votes against, between 2014–2015. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted for a second referendum on the terms of the UK's withdrawal from the EU Show votes 4 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2017–2019. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.

Last updated: 18 May 2022. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Social Issues #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Voted for allowing terminally ill people to be given assistance to end their life Show votes 1 vote for, 0 votes against, in 2015. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted for allowing marriage between two people of same sex Show votes 6 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2013–2019. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Almost always voted for laws to promote equality and human rights Show votes 8 votes for, 1 vote against, between 2011–2021. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted for equal gay rights Show votes 6 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2013–2024. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted for smoking bans Show votes 4 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2010–2015. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.

Last updated: 1 March 2024. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Education #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Almost always voted against academy schools Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, 2 absences, between 2010–2016. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Almost always voted against greater autonomy for schools Show votes 0 votes for, 8 votes against, 2 absences, between 2010–2011. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Voted against raising England’s undergraduate tuition fee cap to £9,000 per year Show votes 0 votes for, 1 vote against, in 2010. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Consistently voted against university tuition fees Show votes 0 votes for, 2 votes against, in 2010. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.

Last updated: 21 February 2022. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Business and the Economy #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Generally voted against measures to reduce tax avoidance Show votes 2 votes for, 6 votes against, 1 absence, between 2016–2018. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted for.
• Generally voted against new high speed rail infrastructure Show votes 1 vote for, 5 votes against, 3 absences, between 2013–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted for requiring imported goods to meet domestic standards Show votes 3 votes for, 1 vote against, between 2020–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Almost always voted against reducing the rate of corporation tax Show votes 3 votes for, 23 votes against, 2 absences, between 2010–2021. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Generally voted against stronger tax incentives for companies to invest in assets Show votes 2 votes for, 9 votes against, 3 absences, between 2011–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.

Last updated: 8 December 2021. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Health #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Consistently voted for restricting the provision of services to private patients by the NHS Show votes 3 votes for, 0 votes against, in 2011. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against reforming the NHS so GPs buy services on behalf of their patients Show votes 0 votes for, 4 votes against, between 2011–2019. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted for smoking bans Show votes 4 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2010–2015. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Almost always voted for fewer obstacles for access to abortion Show votes 8 votes for, 0 votes against, 2 absences, between 2017–2023. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted for reducing the maximum amount an individual may be required to contribute to their social care costs Show votes 3 votes for, 1 vote against, between 2013–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against higher taxes specifically to fund health and social care Show votes 0 votes for, 4 votes against, in 2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Voted for allowing terminally ill people to be given assistance to end their life Show votes 1 vote for, 0 votes against, in 2015. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted for public health measures and social restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID-19 Show votes 11 votes for, 6 votes against, 5 absences, between 2020–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for. Absences for this policy may be affected COVID-19 restrictions.

Last updated: 7 March 2023. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Miscellaneous Topics #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Generally voted against allowing national security sensitive evidence to be put before courts in secret sessions Show votes 0 votes for, 4 votes against, 2 absences, between 2012–2013. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Consistently voted against capping civil service redundancy payments Show votes 0 votes for, 6 votes against, between 2010–2020. Comparable Green MPs generally voted for.
• Generally voted against limits on success fees paid to lawyers in no-win no fee cases Show votes 1 vote for, 5 votes against, between 2011–2013. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against a statutory register of lobbyists Show votes 0 votes for, 3 votes against, in 2013. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted for restrictions on fees charged to tenants by letting agents Show votes 1 vote for, 0 votes against, in 2014. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Almost always voted against restricting the scope of legal aid Show votes 1 vote for, 10 votes against, between 2011–2022. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Almost always voted against the policies included in the 2010 Conservative - Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement Show votes 6 votes for, 41 votes against, 11 absences, between 2010–2014. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Consistently voted for greater regulation of gambling Show votes 4 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2011–2013. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Consistently voted against the privatisation of Royal Mail Show votes 0 votes for, 2 votes against, between 2010–2011. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Generally voted against the free movement of goods, and mutual recognition of qualifications, within the United Kingdom Show votes 3 votes for, 10 votes against, 1 absence, between 2020–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted for requiring pub companies to offer pub landlords rent-only leases Show votes 1 vote for, 0 votes against, 1 absence, between 2014–2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.

Last updated: 26 April 2022. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Home Affairs #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Consistently voted against a stricter asylum system Show votes 1 vote for, 24 votes against, between 2015–2024. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted against the introduction of elected Police and Crime Commissioners Show votes 0 votes for, 2 votes against, 2 absences, between 2010–2011. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against requiring the mass retention of information about communications Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, between 2014–2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against mass surveillance of people’s communications and activities Show votes 0 votes for, 3 votes against, in 2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against making it easier to remove someone's British citizenship Show votes 0 votes for, 7 votes against, between 2014–2022. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against making it easier to remove those trespassing on land with an intent to reside there Show votes 0 votes for, 4 votes against, in 2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Consistently voted against merging police and fire services under Police and Crime Commissioners Show votes 0 votes for, 1 vote against, in 2016. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Generally voted against authorising criminal conduct by undercover officers and covert sources Show votes 0 votes for, 2 votes against, 2 absences, between 2020–2021. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.
• Almost always voted against stronger laws and enforcement of immigration rules Show votes 2 votes for, 24 votes against, between 2021–2024. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.

Last updated: 25 March 2024. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

How Caroline Lucas voted on Transport #

For votes held while they were in office:

• Consistently voted for a publicly owned railway system Show votes 2 votes for, 0 votes against, between 2014–2016. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Almost always voted against lower taxes on fuel for motor vehicles Show votes 0 votes for, 5 votes against, 2 absences, between 2011–2013. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Voted against adding a third runway at Heathrow Airport Show votes 0 votes for, 1 vote against, in 2018. Comparable Green MPs almost always voted against.
• Generally voted against higher taxes on plane tickets Show votes 2 votes for, 5 votes against, 2 absences, between 2012–2014. Comparable Green MPs generally voted against.

Last updated: 21 September 2021. Learn more about our voting records and what they mean.

More on their full voting record on Public Whip