Business of the House

– in the House of Commons at 12:00 am on 18 June 1964.

Alert me about debates like this

Mr. H. Wilson:

May I ask the Leader of the House whether he will state the business for next week?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

Yes, Sir. The business for next week will be as follows:

MONDAY, 22ND JUNE—Supply [19th Allotted Day]: Committee.

Debate on Leisure and Sport.

As the House is aware, the Chairman of Ways and Means has set down opposed Private Business for consideration at seven o'clock.

Remaining stages of the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Bill.

TUESDAY, 23RD JUNE—Second Reading of the Malicious Damage Bill, and of the Refreshment Houses Bill.

Motion on the Cranbrook Sunday Cinematograph Order.

WEDNESDAY, 24TH JUNE—Completion of the remaining stages of the Hire Purchase (No. 2) Bill [Lords].

THURSDAY, 25TH JUNE—A Motion to take note of the Report on Developments and Government Action in Wales and Monmouthshire, 1963, when it is expected that the main discussion will be on Housing, and on an Opposition Amendment.

Remaining stages of the Emergency Laws (Re-enactments and Repeals) Bill.

FRIDAY, 26TH JUNE—Private Members' Bills.

MONDAY, 29TH JUNE—The proposed business will be: Supply [20th Allotted Day]: Committee.

Debate on Agriculture.

Remaining stages of the Perpetuities and Accumulations Bill [Lords].

Mr. Wilson:

Is the right hon. and learned Gentleman aware that on Thursday's business it is the intention of my right hon. Friend to move the Opposition Amendment at the earliest possible stage in the proceedings so as to get the fullest possible debate on it?

Secondly, reverting to a question which I put to the right hon. and learned Gentleman last week, is he yet in a position to tell us when the Minister of Aviation will make a statement on the question of the cancellation of the VC10, in view of his regrettable inability to deal with this question at Question Time?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I understand the point which the right hon. Gentleman made about Thursday's business. It is hoped that the form of the Amendment will be such as not unduly to restrict the discussion, but will be wide, so that the debate can go as wide as possible on Welsh affairs.

My right hon. Friend the Minister of Aviation hopes to make a statement as soon as possible.

Photo of Miss Irene Ward Miss Irene Ward , Tynemouth

In view of the fact that I was looking forward to my right hon. and learned Friend answering my Motion on the Order Paper today, and that it will not be reached, may I ask whether we may have an assignation for next week so that he can answer my Motion?

[To call attention to the need to speed up the good business of the Government; and to move, That, in the opinion of this House, it is desirable that there should be a speeding up of legislative or administrative action where good results would accrue to the nation; and in particular that this House would welcome a decision on the provision of higher technological education for the North-East coast as is envisaged through the appropriate upgrading of Rutherford College, particularly in view of the need to convince employers taking advantage of the progressive policy of the Board of Trade to establish factories in the North-East that a sufficient number of higher qualified personnel is readily available; that it would further welcome legislative action by Her Majesty's Government prior to the receipt of the Allen Report on rating to relieve local authorities of certain education charges or interest charges on public loans as a means of relieving those living on small fixed incomes of the ever-increasing burden of rates for which, in order to meet their liability, they are quite unable to extend their static incomes; and that this House, which congratulates Her Majesty's Government on providing ever additional financial support for the arts, would at the same time welcome an independent inquiry into the controversy arising over the London Opera Centre, having regard in recent years to the Arts Council's methods of using grants and appointments to protect their own hierarchy and to eliminate those who dare to criticise the policies pursued.]

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I have noticed the terms of my hon. Friend's almost all-embracing Motion. I am not sure, however, that I can promise to meet her request this afternoon.

Photo of Mr John Hynd Mr John Hynd , Sheffield, Attercliffe

Will the Leader of the House tell us whether the Government intend to hold an early debate on the result and the implications of the recent Geneva conference on world trade and its aims?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

That might be a topic for discussion, and I will consider the matter, but there is no time for it next week.

Photo of Mr Philip Goodhart Mr Philip Goodhart , Beckenham

In view of the large number of electors already on holiday in the autumn, will my right hon. and learned Friend find extra time for further consideration of the Representation of the People Act 1949 (Amendment) Bill, introduced by my hon. Friend the Member for Isle of Thanet (Mr. Rees-Davies)? In view, also, of the desirability of getting all-party agreement before changing the rules governing voting, would my right hon. Friend have discussions with the Opposition to see whether they would facilitate the passage of the Bill?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I entirely agree with my hon. Friend that as many people as possible should have the chance to vote. I think that he is quite right in indicating that it would be difficult for the Government to facilitate a Private Members' Bill dealing with the electoral law except after consultation between the parties. That, I think, has been the practice in the past.

I think that there must be some uncertainty about time, but if the Opposition are willing to join in trying to make this a workable Measure the Government will be prepared to consider the question of facilitating its passage further.

Photo of Mr Arthur Bottomley Mr Arthur Bottomley , Middlesbrough East

While recognising the need for the Governor to take prompt action during the crisis in British Guiana, may I ask whether the Leader of the House can tell us what has happened to the Statutory Instrument, which does not appear to be laid on the Table and is not available in the Library, concerning the state of emergency in British Guiana?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

If the right hon. Gentleman had given me notice of that question, I might have been able to answer it. I cannot answer it without notice.

Photo of Mr William Yates Mr William Yates , The Wrekin

As there is a constitutional discussion concerning South-West Arabia in progress at the moment, in which far-reaching changes are proposed without the consent of the people, will my right hon. and learned Friend allow the House to have time to debate the matter as soon as the results of the conference are announced?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I certainly cannot promise that. I am sure that my right hon. Friend will keep the House informed.

Mr. H. Wilson:

May I revert to the right hon. and learned Gentleman's previous answer about consultations concerning one aspect of electoral law reform? Is he not aware that there are very many suggestions from both sides of the House covering a wide area of electoral law reform, covering many subjects, including the legitimacy of certain forms of election expenditure? We are more than willing to enter into discussions with the right hon. and learned Gentleman on all these questions, but is he aware that there would be a general feeling that one should not legislate on this piecemeal by taking so late in this Parliament one item out of the hundreds of reforms that are necessary?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

This is a Measure dealing with one aspect, namely, the ability to vote at the forthcoming General Election, which might be a matter of substantial urgency and importance to certain people. Therefore, I think that a case could be made out for taking this Measure piecemeal and, if the Opposition are willing, dealing with it.

Mr. Wilson:

Is it not a fact that none of them would have been on holiday if the Prime Minister had had the courage to face the electorate earlier? [Interruption.] Have it any time you like. Liverpool, Scotland, last week, was quite a good sign.

Photo of Sir Harry Hylton-Foster Sir Harry Hylton-Foster , Cities of London and Westminster

Order. I do not know that that particular topic arises on the business for next week.

Mr. Wilson:

Mr. Speaker, since you did not stop the Intervention of the hon. Member for Beckenham (Mr. Goodhart), which, I presumed, was equally out of order, I thought it in order to reply to it.

May I, therefore, put this point to the right hon. and learned Gentleman, who suggests that we take this one Measure and that Government time be provided for it? Would he, then, be prepared to provide Government time also for a Measure to deal with the question of publication of election expenditure?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

We should have to look at the proposed Measure. With respect to the right hon. Gentleman, I suggest that this is not a matter of political debating points. This is the convenience of the electorate.

Photo of Mr Stanley McMaster Mr Stanley McMaster , Belfast East

Will my right hon. and learned Friend consider granting an early date for a debate on Northern Ireland, which has been promised?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I am bearing in mind my hon. Friend's interest in this matter.

Photo of Mr Francis Bowles Mr Francis Bowles , Nuneaton

Will the Leader of the House find time for a debate on Motion 124 to see how far the attitude of the Government towards the marriage of Chrysler and Rootes has been affected by the number of Tory MP.s who have been married to American women?

[That this House views with concern the acquisition by foreign investors of controlling interests in key industriessuch as the motor industry; and calls on Her Majesty's Government to strengthen its powers to prevent such transactions when they appear to be contrary to the national interest.]

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

Without commenting on the form of the hon. Gentleman's question, may I say that I know that the hon. Member for Coventry, North (Mr. Edelman) has a Question on the Order Paper for Tuesday, 23rd June, for answer by my right hon. Friend the Chancellor of the exchequer. I think that we had better await that answer.

Photo of Sir Godfrey Nicholson Sir Godfrey Nicholson , Farnham

May I direct my right hon. and learned Friend's attention to items Nos. 19, 20 and 21 of the Orders of the Day, of each of which this is said: This Instrument has not been considered by the Select Committee on Statutory Instruments."? Surely it is a bad practice that there should be put down amongst the Orders of the Day Statutory Instruments which have not been considered by the Select Committee?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I think that my hon. Friend is on a perfectly good point that these Statutory Instruments should not be taken until there has been a reasonable opportunity for consideration. However, I do not think that there is any suggestion that they should be taken today.

Photo of Mr Donald Wade Mr Donald Wade , Huddersfield West

May I ask, once again, when there will be a debate on the white paper on Monopolies and Mergers and Restrictive Practices?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I answered the hon. Gentleman. Either this month or next month; anyhow, as soon as I can conveniently arrange it.

Photo of Miss Joan Vickers Miss Joan Vickers , Plymouth, Devonport

Has my right hon. and learned Friend seen Motion 118, in the name of the hon. Member for Fife, West (Mr. W. Hamilton) and other hon. Members, on the question of Abortion Law Reform?

[That this House views with concern the present unsatisfactory state of the law in relation to abortion due to difficulties of interpretation and to the uncertainty of the judgment of the courts in particular cases; it deplores a situation in which pregnant women who can afford sympatheticand skilled treatment have the possibility of a legal abortion on health grounds, while those who lack the means or proper advice are driven to take desperate and harmful measures; it therefore calls for revision of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 so as to clarify and liberalise the law with a view to reducing the havoc and danger of illegal abortion.]

Does my right hon. and learned Friend realise that 100,000 women have illegal abortions and at least 25,000 go into hospital, each year. Is there any opportunity in the near future for revising the 1861 Act?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I think that my right hon. Friend the Home Secretary explained the Government's attitude on this matter in an answer to my hon. and gallant Friend the Member for The Hartlepools (Commander Kerans) on 4th June. I have nothing to add to that reply.

Photo of Mr Arthur Woodburn Mr Arthur Woodburn , Clackmannan and East Stirlingshire

Would the right hon. and learned Gentleman reconsider his answer about legislation to meet the urgent problems connected with the electoral register? The law purports to give every young person a vote at 21. As it stands, a large number of people who have been 21 for some months will not be able to vote at the coming election because of the curious electoral registration arrangement. Some of them will not vote until they are 24 or 25. If the right hon. and learned Gentleman intends to legislate for this election, would he consider this very urgent problem?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I certainly agree with the right hon. Gentleman that this is a matter for consideration. I would like to see the form of legislation designed to deal with it before answering the latter part of his question.

Mr. Lee:

May I revert to the point raised by my right hon. Friend the Leader of the Opposition? Is the Leader of the House aware that the Minister of Aviation has had Sir Giles Guthrie's Report in his hands for some time now? We are not asking him to wait until his conclusions on Sir Giles's Report are ready. We would prefer to have his report on Sir Giles's recommendations on the VC.10. Is the Leader of the House aware that we understand that the Minister of Aviation's report back to Sir Giles is due on 31st July and that we believe that to be just a little late?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I will take note of what the hon. Gentleman has said and convey it to my right hon. Friend. I understand that the matter is still under discussion, but my right hon. Friend has told me that he will make a statement as soon as possible.

Photo of Mr Edward Short Mr Edward Short , Newcastle upon Tyne Central

Since the travel concessions Bill, which would enable old, blind and disabled people to keep their cheap fares, has been blocked by Tory M.P.s on six occasions, and since the right hon. and learned Gentleman now understands this matter rather better because I have explained it to him, will he say whether the Government will now give time for my Bill, or introduce legislation of their own before the Summer Recess?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

This matter has been discussed with me, not only by the hon. Gentleman but by some of my hon. Friends. I have nothing to add today to what I have previously said.

Photo of Mr William Ross Mr William Ross , Kilmarnock

In view of what the Leader of the House said about the Government's willingness to facilitate the passage of one Private Member's Bill before the end of the Session, will he say whether there are any other Bills which the Government are prepared similarly to treat? Could we be told the titles of those Bills?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

The hon. Gentleman must not misrepresent me. I said that these matters of electoral reform should follow consultation between the parties. I said that in this case, if the Opposition were willing to facilitate the Bill, the Government would do the same.

Photo of Mr William Ross Mr William Ross , Kilmarnock

Will the Leader of the House answer my question? Do the Government intend similarly to treat any other Private Members' Bills?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

Not at the moment, no.

Mr. H. Wilson:

Is not the right hon. and learned Gentleman aware that there have been discussions under the aegis of the Home Office on this question with all the parties represented? Is he not aware that expert opinion is that to give effect to the Bill would mean that the date for registering postal votes would have to be made one week earlier—in other words, almost immediately after the dissolution of Parliament—which would rule out many thousands of people entitled to postal votes so that those going on holiday should be included? Would the right hon. and learned Gentleman avoid committing himself too far on this principle until it has been properly examined?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

The point that the right hon. Gentleman makes has been made before. In my own view, I do not think that it is an insuperable difficulty.

Photo of Mr Walter Monslow Mr Walter Monslow , Barrow-in-Furness

As we have a limited time for the debate on nationalisation which follows shortly, could the right hon. and learned Gentleman set aside—we would welcome it—another day for a debate on nationalisation?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I hope that the hon. Gentleman will use his influence with the right hon. Gentleman the Leader of the Opposition, so that the intention of the Amendment in the names of my hon. Friend the Member for Rye (Mr. Godman Irvine) and others on the Order Paper is accepted.

Photo of Mr Frederic Bennett Mr Frederic Bennett , Torquay

As that question has been raised, may I ask my right hon. and learned Friend whether he has had any formal response to that invitation, because we are all willing to help the Leader of the Opposition in this matter?

Photo of Mr George Brown Mr George Brown , Belper

Would not the right hon. and learned Gentleman, even at this late stage, accept the Motion which we have tabled and which would meet everybody's point of view? [That, notwithstanding the Order of the House of 13th November, 1963, relating to the business for Thursday, 18th June, private Members' notices of motions shall have precedence until Ten o'clock on that day.]

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

The right hon. Gentleman is making a suggestion in that Motion to increase the amount of time given to private Members. He will recall that he was a member of the Government which, during their six years in office, gave an average of seven days a Session to private Members. We have given 21 days.

Photo of Mr William Warbey Mr William Warbey , Ashfield

May I press the right hon. and learned Gentleman to give time to debate the Government's international economic policy in view of the fact that the Government have committed this country to some fairly far-reaching decisions at the recent conference on world trade at Geneva? Will the Government submit those decisions for the endorsement or otherwise of the House?

Photo of Mr Jon Rankin Mr Jon Rankin , Glasgow Govan

Seeing that the Report on Nuclear Power for Ship Propulsion has been studied by the Government for the last five or six weeks—at least, I hope that they have been studying it—could the right hon. and learned Gentleman tell us whether or not he will fulfil the promise which was made and enable us to debate that Report?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I will certainly bear in mind what the hon. Member has said.

Photo of Mr Tam Dalyell Mr Tam Dalyell , West Lothian

Is it the intention of the Government to find time to debate the Henniker Heaton Report on day release?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

Certainly not next week.

Photo of Mr Willie Hamilton Mr Willie Hamilton , Fife West

Further to the question asked by my hon. Friend the Member for Kilmarnock (Mr. Ross) about Private Members' Bills, is it not a fact that all such Bills will be guillotined on 26th June? If the Government seek to facilitate the passage of other Private Members' Bills, does this not mean that there must be some Amendment of the Standing Orders or other special Orders before that can be done?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I do not think so and, in any event, I was dealing with one particular Bill.

Photo of Mr Marcus Lipton Mr Marcus Lipton , Lambeth Brixton

Can the right hon. and learned Gentleman say when we will be receiving the Report of the Committee of Privileges, which seems to be taking a long time to deal with the problem of the Lord President of the Council and Secretary of State for Education and Science?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I do not think that the hon. Member can have studied the available documents as carefully as one might have expected, because official notification has been given that the Report has been submitted, and it will be published as soon as it can be printed.

Photo of Mr Eric Lubbock Mr Eric Lubbock , Orpington

In view of what the Leader of the House has said about amending the Representation of the People Act prior to the next General Election, and of the Government's sympathetic attitude towards the Bill of the hon. Member for the Isle of Thanet (Mr. Rees-Davies) and the practical difficulties in the way of implementing his proposals, which have been referred to by the Leader of the Opposition, would the Government consider giving time for the Representation of the People Act, 1949 (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill, which deals with a more limited section of the electorate, and which is entirely non-controversial?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I should have to study the terms of that Bill before answering the hon. Member's question.

Photo of Mr Arthur Lewis Mr Arthur Lewis , West Ham North

In view of the debate on agriculture which the right hon. and learned Gentleman announced for next week, would he make arrangements for his right hon. Friend to be prepared to tell the House on how many occasions during the last 50 years, other than this week, we have had to import carcase meat at the expense of hard-earned dollars?

Photo of Mr Selwyn Lloyd Mr Selwyn Lloyd , Wirral

I do not think that that is a question on business.

Second Reading

The Second Reading is the most important stage for a Bill. It is when the main purpose of a Bill is discussed and voted on. If the Bill passes it moves on to the Committee Stage. Further information can be obtained from factsheet L1 on the UK Parliament website.

Amendment

As a bill passes through Parliament, MPs and peers may suggest amendments - or changes - which they believe will improve the quality of the legislation.

Many hundreds of amendments are proposed by members to major bills as they pass through committee stage, report stage and third reading in both Houses of Parliament.

In the end only a handful of amendments will be incorporated into any bill.

The Speaker - or the chairman in the case of standing committees - has the power to select which amendments should be debated.

Opposition

The Opposition are the political parties in the House of Commons other than the largest or Government party. They are called the Opposition because they sit on the benches opposite the Government in the House of Commons Chamber. The largest of the Opposition parties is known as Her Majesty's Opposition. The role of the Official Opposition is to question and scrutinise the work of Government. The Opposition often votes against the Government. In a sense the Official Opposition is the "Government in waiting".

Laws

Laws are the rules by which a country is governed. Britain has a long history of law making and the laws of this country can be divided into three types:- 1) Statute Laws are the laws that have been made by Parliament. 2) Case Law is law that has been established from cases tried in the courts - the laws arise from test cases. The result of the test case creates a precedent on which future cases are judged. 3) Common Law is a part of English Law, which has not come from Parliament. It consists of rules of law which have developed from customs or judgements made in courts over hundreds of years. For example until 1861 Parliament had never passed a law saying that murder was an offence. From the earliest times courts had judged that murder was a crime so there was no need to make a law.

Bills

A proposal for new legislation that is debated by Parliament.

Question Time

Question Time is an opportunity for MPs and Members of the House of Lords to ask Government Ministers questions. These questions are asked in the Chamber itself and are known as Oral Questions. Members may also put down Written Questions. In the House of Commons, Question Time takes place for an hour on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays after Prayers. The different Government Departments answer questions according to a rota and the questions asked must relate to the responsibilities of the Government Department concerned. In the House of Lords up to four questions may be asked of the Government at the beginning of each day's business. They are known as 'starred questions' because they are marked with a star on the Order Paper. Questions may also be asked at the end of each day's business and these may include a short debate. They are known as 'unstarred questions' and are less frequent. Questions in both Houses must be written down in advance and put on the agenda and both Houses have methods for selecting the questions that will be asked. Further information can be obtained from factsheet P1 at the UK Parliament site.

Minister

Ministers make up the Government and almost all are members of the House of Lords or the House of Commons. There are three main types of Minister. Departmental Ministers are in charge of Government Departments. The Government is divided into different Departments which have responsibilities for different areas. For example the Treasury is in charge of Government spending. Departmental Ministers in the Cabinet are generally called 'Secretary of State' but some have special titles such as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Ministers of State and Junior Ministers assist the ministers in charge of the department. They normally have responsibility for a particular area within the department and are sometimes given a title that reflects this - for example Minister of Transport.

Order Paper

The order paper is issued daily and lists the business which will be dealt with during that day's sitting of the House of Commons.

It provides MPs with details of what will be happening in the House throughout the day.

It also gives details of when and where the standing committees and select committees of the Commons will be meeting.

Written questions tabled to ministers by MPs on the previous day are listed at the back of the order paper.

The order paper forms one section of the daily vote bundle and is issued by the Vote Office

General Election

In a general election, each constituency chooses an MP to represent it by process of election. The party who wins the most seats in parliament is in power, with its leader becoming Prime Minister and its Ministers/Shadow Ministers making up the new Cabinet. If no party has a majority, this is known as a hung Parliament. The next general election will take place on or before 3rd June 2010.

Prime Minister

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom

intervention

An intervention is when the MP making a speech is interrupted by another MP and asked to 'give way' to allow the other MP to intervene on the speech to ask a question or comment on what has just been said.

Speaker

The Speaker is an MP who has been elected to act as Chairman during debates in the House of Commons. He or she is responsible for ensuring that the rules laid down by the House for the carrying out of its business are observed. It is the Speaker who calls MPs to speak, and maintains order in the House. He or she acts as the House's representative in its relations with outside bodies and the other elements of Parliament such as the Lords and the Monarch. The Speaker is also responsible for protecting the interests of minorities in the House. He or she must ensure that the holders of an opinion, however unpopular, are allowed to put across their view without undue obstruction. It is also the Speaker who reprimands, on behalf of the House, an MP brought to the Bar of the House. In the case of disobedience the Speaker can 'name' an MP which results in their suspension from the House for a period. The Speaker must be impartial in all matters. He or she is elected by MPs in the House of Commons but then ceases to be involved in party politics. All sides in the House rely on the Speaker's disinterest. Even after retirement a former Speaker will not take part in political issues. Taking on the office means losing close contact with old colleagues and keeping apart from all groups and interests, even avoiding using the House of Commons dining rooms or bars. The Speaker continues as a Member of Parliament dealing with constituent's letters and problems. By tradition other candidates from the major parties do not contest the Speaker's seat at a General Election. The Speakership dates back to 1377 when Sir Thomas Hungerford was appointed to the role. The title Speaker comes from the fact that the Speaker was the official spokesman of the House of Commons to the Monarch. In the early years of the office, several Speakers suffered violent deaths when they presented unwelcome news to the King. Further information can be obtained from factsheet M2 on the UK Parliament website.

Tory

The political party system in the English-speaking world evolved in the 17th century, during the fight over the ascension of James the Second to the Throne. James was a Catholic and a Stuart. Those who argued for Parliamentary supremacy were called Whigs, after a Scottish word whiggamore, meaning "horse-driver," applied to Protestant rebels. It was meant as an insult.

They were opposed by Tories, from the Irish word toraidhe (literally, "pursuer," but commonly applied to highwaymen and cow thieves). It was used — obviously derisively — to refer to those who supported the Crown.

By the mid 1700s, the words Tory and Whig were commonly used to describe two political groupings. Tories supported the Church of England, the Crown, and the country gentry, while Whigs supported the rights of religious dissent and the rising industrial bourgeoisie. In the 19th century, Whigs became Liberals; Tories became Conservatives.

the national interest

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_interest

Chancellor of the Exchequer

The chancellor of the exchequer is the government's chief financial minister and as such is responsible for raising government revenue through taxation or borrowing and for controlling overall government spending.

The chancellor's plans for the economy are delivered to the House of Commons every year in the Budget speech.

The chancellor is the most senior figure at the Treasury, even though the prime minister holds an additional title of 'First Lord of the Treasury'. He normally resides at Number 11 Downing Street.

White Paper

A document issued by the Government laying out its policy, or proposed policy, on a topic of current concern.Although a white paper may occasion consultation as to the details of new legislation, it does signify a clear intention on the part of a government to pass new law. This is a contrast with green papers, which are issued less frequently, are more open-ended and may merely propose a strategy to be implemented in the details of other legislation.

More from wikipedia here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_paper

Leader of the Opposition

The "Leader of the Opposition" is head of "Her Majesty's Official Opposition". This position is taken by the Leader of the party with the 2nd largest number of MPs in the Commons.

amendment

As a bill passes through Parliament, MPs and peers may suggest amendments - or changes - which they believe will improve the quality of the legislation.

Many hundreds of amendments are proposed by members to major bills as they pass through committee stage, report stage and third reading in both Houses of Parliament.

In the end only a handful of amendments will be incorporated into any bill.

The Speaker - or the chairman in the case of standing committees - has the power to select which amendments should be debated.

Secretary of State

Secretary of State was originally the title given to the two officials who conducted the Royal Correspondence under Elizabeth I. Now it is the title held by some of the more important Government Ministers, for example the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.